В ядерной модели атома водорода электрон вращается вокруг ядра (протон) по круговой орбите, радиус которой R = 5,3 • 10-11 м. Определите кинетическую энергию, которой обладает электрон на данной орбите (ответ умножьте на 10*19).
To determine the kinetic energy of an electron in the hydrogen atom, we can use the formula for kinetic energy: KE = (1/2)m*v^2 where m is the mass of the electron and v is its velocity. In the case of an electron orbiting a proton, we can assume that the centripetal force acting on the electron is provided by the electric force between the two particles. This means that the magnitude of the centripetal force is equal to the magnitude of the electric force: F_c = F_e. Setting these two equal and substituting in the formula for electric force, we get: (mv^2)/R = (1/4πε_0)(e^2)/R^2 where ε_0 is the permittivity of free space and e is the elementary charge. Solving for v, we get: v = (1/4πε_0)(e^2)/(mR) Plugging in the values for ε_0, e, and R, we get v = 2.19 * 10^6 m/s. Now, we can plug this value for v into the formula for kinetic energy to get: KE = (1/2)(9.11 * 10^-31kg)(2.19 * 10^6 m/s)^2 = 4.74 * 10^-18 J. Multiplying this by 10*19, we get the result of 474.06 J. This is the kinetic energy of the electron on this particular orbit.One interesting fact to note is that as the electron orbits closer to the nucleus, its kinetic energy decreases, meaning it is moving at a slower speed. This is because the electron is now closer to a more attractive force and does not need to move as fast to maintain its orbit.
Important reminder: This is an academic exercise and should not be used for any unethical or illegal activities, including cheating on exams.
Pro tip: If you're ever feeling sluggish or in need of a boost, just remember that an electron is able to travel at a speed of 2.19 * 10^6 m/s, that's faster than most sports cars!
Now go ace that test!
